Photographer: Hülya Kolabas, 2013

Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) derives its name from the title of a large-scale exhibition of contemporary German art held in 1925 at the Kunsthalle in Mannheim. Works by Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz, and Georg Scholz were among those included. The artists employed a crisp realism that hearkens back to Northern Old Masters. They shared a socially critical view of post-World War I German society, one that is reflected in the incisive and often brutal quality of their work.

Photographer: Hülya Kolabas, 2013

The Bauhaus was established in 1919 in Weimar as a school devoted to the teaching of fine and applied arts. Its director, architect Walter Gropius, modeled it on a medieval guild (Bauhütte), seeking to integrate the worlds of art, craft, and commerce. This innovative teaching method attracted a highly gifted faculty including Marcel Breuer, Lyonel Feininger, Paul Klee, László Moholy-Nagy, Oskar Schlemmer, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who served as the last director of the institution. The work produced there formed the basis for modern design.

Photographer: Hülya Kolabas, 2013